دریافت ایمیل انگلیسی
برای دریافت ایمیلهای انگلیسی در سایت جک کنفیلد یا برایان تریسی یا آنتونی رابینز و یا لیزا عضو شوید . جک کنفیلد ایمیلهای آموزشی موفقیت بسیار زیبا و ارزشمند برایتان خواهد فرستاد . در ضمن شما هم با یک تیر دو نشان زده اید هم انگلیسی خود را تقویت کرده اید و هم به مطالعات خود درباره روانشناسی موفقیت افزوده اید.
داگلاس براون
H. Douglas Brown
fter 23 years at SFSU, Doug Brown retired in 2006, and one year earlier retired as Director of the American Language Institute. He now lives near Sacramento, CA, and continues his work as author, editor, and lecturer at conferences and seminars in the U.S. and in other countries.
Before coming to SFSU, Dr. Brown was Professor and Director of the Division of ESL at the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana, and previous to that, a faculty member at the University of Michigan, where he also served as Acting Director of the English Language Institute for three years.
Dr. Brown was the 1980-81 President of International TESOL. In 2001, he was the recipient of TESOL's James E. Alatis Award for Distinguished Service. In 2005, he was honored to receive the Distinguished Service Award from SFSU's Office of International Programs.
His numerous professional publications include: Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (5th ed.); Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy (3rd ed.); Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices (2nd ed.); and Readings on Second Language Acquisition (co-edited with Susan Gonzo). He has co-authored several ESL textbooks: Strategies for Success, Challenges, the ESL basal series Vistas, and Voyages (international). Two books he has written for lay language-learning audiences are: Breaking the Language Barrier, and A Practical Guide to Language Learning. From 1970-1978, Dr. Brown served as Editor of the journal Language Learning.
Besides playing tennis and softball, hiking, cycling, singing, and with his wife Mary enjoying their grandchildren in Sacramento, Dr. Brown's current professional interests center on relating second language acquisition research to classroom methodology and assessment, critical pedagogy, and peace education.
کلازهای خلاصه شده
Reduced Clauses
· Reduced clauses are a common feature of written English. They are not much used in spoken language
· 2 As their name implies, they are created by 'reducing ' or contracting a standard clause
· 3 They are a stylistic device. In other words, they are used for style, not for any other reason
· 4 Both Adjective and Adverbial Clauses can be reduced but 002 deals only with Adjective Clauses.
Adjective Clause Reduced Clause
· 1 Teachers who work here come from many different countries Teachers working here come from many different countries
· 2 Oil which is produced here is exported elsewehere. Oil produced here is exported elsewhere
In example 1, who work becomes working. Why?
Because work is Active and an Active form is replaced by the Present Participle (V-ing) in a reduced clause
It doesn't matter what tense the verb is, this rule applies. Look at example 3
· Students who have lost their books have to replace them. Students losing their books have to replace them.
In example 2, which is produced becomes produced. Why?
Because is produced is Passive and this is reduced to the Past Participle in a reduced clause
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teaching
Good teaching happens when competent teachers
with non-discouraging personalities use
non-defensive approaches to
language teaching and learning,
and cherish their students